Ok nearly next weekend, but I'll throw in my hat to try to end the misery. The plane takes off normally.
We must make two assumptions however which is not in the OP, one is that the wheels rotate with zero friction (i.e. the brakes are off and the bearings are perfect, so that the lightest of touch on the plane will make it move forward); the other assumption is that the inertia of the wheels spinning is negligable in relation to the inertia of the plane, with it's far greater mass.
If we suppose the conveyor is now tugged sharply towards the rear of the plane, then the plane will not move. It weighs many tons, and it's inertia will cause it to remain quite stationary, although its wheels will turn to keep pace with the conveyor (in reality there is always friction, so the plane would slowly start to move backwards until, after some considerable time it would reach the conveyors speed). Thus we see that the speed of the conveyor is quite irrelevant to the speed of the frictionless aircraft; only its wheels will move.
Now let us imagine the pilot starts his engines. The thrust created will cause the plane to begin accelerating relative to air, and it will take off in the normal way regardless of its wheel speed.
All clear now?