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Re: trend
I look for breakouts from visual consolidations, and then watch the ADX on the time frame I am trading. If it is above 30 and rising that gives a strength of trend indication. Probably a bit wishy washy for your more statistical definitions, but has worked ok for me for 4 yrs in futures and 7 years in equities.
Strong believer in "the trend is your friend until after the bend". Anticipating market tops in strong trends is suicide, better to wait until afterwards - the market high in 2000 came on one day after a bull run that lasted thousands of days - not a good betting propostion IMO.
High beta stocks, totally agree they fall faster than low beta ones - but in stocks in the last 10 yrs, the big moves haven't been in the low beta utilities - it's a balance of risk and reward.
Makes sense to reduce risk but since your maximum risk is on entry, there's not much point strangling a trade before it gets the chance to move properly in your favour to compensate for the initial risk. I used to move my stops too quickly and got stopped out only to see the move happen as expected - painful.
But very tricky to judge, experience seems the best helper.