The real hangover from dotcom party may still be waiting
The Times 09/12/06: Magnus Grimond
Judgment does not necessarily get better as you get older, but it certainly helps if you have seen it all before. The impressive performance through the dot-com boom and bust by well-seasoned professional investors such as Fidelity’s Anthony Bolton or Invesco Perpetual’s Neil Woodford bears that out.
But even Messrs Bolton and Woodford cannot boast the experience of markets enjoyed by Jeremy Grantham, an expatriate from over here who founded the Grantham Mayo Van Otterloo money management company over there in Boston nearly 30 years ago. With experience like that under his belt, Mr Grantham is not afraid to break some investment taboos. Speaking at a conference this week organised by Independent Investor, a research group, he brought both reassurance for those who cling to the hope that they can outperform the market, but also some unsettling thoughts on where the market is heading.
So what of the dot-com boom? Well it has not quite followed past patterns — yet. Having thundered back to earth after the bubble burst, the market bounced, as we know, in 2003 without crashing through the trend, as it should have done on past form. The saviour was the “Goldilocks” economy, the virtually unparalleled combination of economic stability with record growth and low inflation. The fuel for this has been huge amounts of borrowing, encouraged by interest rates kept low by the Federal Reserve chairmen Alan Greenspan and Ben Bernanke. This, however, may only have delayed the natural tendency of the market to overreact, Mr Grantham suggests. There are danger signals aplenty for the more thoughtful investor, he believes. The biggest short-term risk is that the market is failing to reflect the fact that, wherever you look, profit margins are exceptionally high. In the US, for instance, they are, at 7.7 per cent, as fat as they have been in the past 75 years. In Japan, they are at 9 per cent and in emerging markets they are around 6.5 %
Mr Grantham says: “Profit margins are the most reliably proven mean-reverting measure in capitalism.” And if they are currently at record highs, that means there is only one way they can go — down. He points out that, on several key measures, the US stock market is looking overblown. At 18.6, the p/e ratio compares with a long-term average of of 14, the dividend yield of 1.9 per cent is a long way adrift from the trend of 4.3 per cent, and those profit margins will eventually fall back to the 4.9 per cent typical since 1926.
The bond market is telling a similar story. Interest-rate margins over “risk-free” Treasury bonds for the riskiest junk bonds and emerging market debt are tighter than they have been for years. It will only take a shock — a new outbreak of hostilities in Lebanon, perhaps, or the resurgence of bird flu — to send investors running for cover. Little wonder that Mr Grantham has upped the level of cash and safe bonds in his clients’ portfolios to about 45 per cent. But, as he would be the first to admit, timing the next downturn is extraordinarily difficult.
As G. K. Chesterton said: “Life is not an illogicality; yet it is a trap for logicians. It looks just a little more mathematical and regular than it is; its exactitude is obvious, but its inexactitude is hidden; its wildness lies in wait.”
The same thought could be applied to the stock market.