Phylo
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DNA Differences between Biological Male and Biological Female:
Mitochondrial Genomes
The nuclear genome represents an amalgamation of DNA sequences inherited from each parent.
Male & Female Chromosomes
Biological Sex
Biological sex is typically determined by the combination of sex chromosomes inherited from both parents.
It is the contribution of the male during fertilisation that determines the genetic sex of the offspring.
Girls with Swyer syndrome (1 in 80 thousand) have an XY chromosomal makeup (as boys normally do) instead of an XX chromosomal makeup (as girls normally do). Despite having the XY chromosomal makeup, girls with Swyers syndrome look female and have functional female genitalia and structures including a vagina, uterus and fallopian tubes.
Mitochondrial Genomes
- Mitochondrial genomes are inherited solely from mothers (biological females).
- Fathers (biological males) do not transmit their mitochondrial genomes to their children.
The nuclear genome represents an amalgamation of DNA sequences inherited from each parent.
Male & Female Chromosomes
Biological Sex
Biological sex is typically determined by the combination of sex chromosomes inherited from both parents.
- Females typically* have two X chromosomes (XX),
- Males typically have one X and one Y chromosome (XY).
It is the contribution of the male during fertilisation that determines the genetic sex of the offspring.
- If a sperm carrying an X chromosome fertilises an egg, the resulting combination is XX, leading to a female offspring**.
- If a sperm carrying a Y chromosome fertilises an egg, the combination is XY, resulting in a male offspring.
Girls with Swyer syndrome (1 in 80 thousand) have an XY chromosomal makeup (as boys normally do) instead of an XX chromosomal makeup (as girls normally do). Despite having the XY chromosomal makeup, girls with Swyers syndrome look female and have functional female genitalia and structures including a vagina, uterus and fallopian tubes.
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