The connection between the participants' thinking and the situation
in which they participate can be broken up into two functional
relationships. I call the participants' efforts to understand
the situation the cognitive or passive function and the impact of
their thinking on the real world the participating or active function In the cognitive function, the participants' perceptions depend
on the situation; in the participating function, the situation
is influenced by the participants' perceptions. It can be seen that
the two functions work in opposite directions: in the cognitive
function the independent variable is the situation; in the participating
function it is the participants' thinking.
y = f (x) cognitive function
x = ϕ
participating function
Therefore,
y = f [ϕ
]
x = ϕ [f (x) ]
When both functions operate at the same time, they interfere
with each other. Functions need an independent variable in order
to produce a determinate result, but in this case the independent
variable of one function is the dependent variable of the other.