Detecting Accumulation

I see...
Thank you :)

I love it when things start coming together!
I'm still a ways off, but i'm motivated to keep moving forward.

In order to help build my understanding, I've started following someone who's active on Twitter, who trades this way and gives a breakdown of whats happening. The intent here is to at the very least learn the language. Like with anything, it's easier to comprehend the content when you are fluent in the language.

I'll try come up with my definition of distribution shortly, and then build on that (and my definition of accumulation) over time. But first, I've got a delicious Thai green curry simmering and it's calling my name :)

When i'm buzzing off the endorphins after eating that, I'll get to work on defining distribution and watching/reading some related material.

If you, or anyone has any educational material for this sort of stuff, then I will take your hand and all :)
I prefer videos, but will happily take reading material.

I really appreciate the help you've given me, sir!
Thank you

I dont have any material as such, as I think that it is far more beneficial to the individual if they work it through themselves, that way, it becomes their understanding and is not simply taken as gospel by some publicised expert.

No videos either - BUT as Howdens has been mentioned, we can use that as a REAL TIME example.

The problem with Wykoff etc is that it is based around the past and what's happened, but seldom explains what will be the likely outcome/development based on all the running commentary, in all fairness it points points out the obvious. This is not to have a go at Wykoff theory or anyone who uses it, each to their own, if they find value, but it only takes you so far. It doesn't take you into the future (or likely events in the future), which as traders we would like to strive for (well maybe not everyone), but it needs to be more than guessing! There needs to be REASON.

Anyway blabbering, back to the Howdens chart - have a peek o_O

First black circle, obvious ACCUMULATION, obtaining a good average price by medium term SWING TRADERS (typically build and distribute over roughly 6-8 month periods, give or take a few weeks, and depending on opportunities that may occur in this time period. 2nd black circle is opportunistic accumulation due to the apparent double top/resistance (orange line) set up causing retail traders to jump in short. Please note that if this didnt occur, then there would have been no extra accumulation at this point in time.

So shares have been herded up, now there needs to be a target to start off loading/distributing. Guaranteed business is always present at new highs!!!! But this time (red circle 1) there aint a massive amount of demand about, volumes are very low considering we are about to bust to ATHs. So only part distribution has been accomplished at this juncture. Big boys still hold massive longs here!

Brown circle 2 is NOT accumulation - it is PROTECTION (PPT if you like for the specialists in this stock). A MASSIVE influx of sellers have come into the market, as they now see a potential top in the market (black line). These guys have to interact in the brown circle as they cant afford the stock to drop too far, as they still need to get out of their remaining positions!

But now we know we must off load "into and at" the next high, as we have had the EVIDENCE that sellers want to short this stock.

Total distribution will be concluded into red circle 3, this will also be the area at which the traders whom have shorted the market in the brown circle will have their stops (hence guaranteed volume in this location). Whats worse for them, is that they will then switch long as we are now at new highs, but we wont go much further now that the major players are now flat at least.

Shorter term swing traders will accumulate short positions at these highs, knowing that they are not trading against the longer term swing traders. Once they have absorbed the last few buyers,
ACC and DIST.jpg
the market should logically drift and drop hard. This should happen as we already have background information suggesting overall demand is weak anyway (due to what happened in circles 1 and 2).

And the gig goes on and on at each point in time.

So hopefully you can see why it is important to try to get a grasp on WHO is doing WHAT and WHY. Granted, as I said before, this level of analysis is not needed to be profitable, but if you can grasp it (y):unsure::coffee: the world is your oyster lol. Seriously, you can add into positions when others are sh**ting themselves, with the knowledge of what the market needs to give those whom have showed their intent, and also you can dump ASAP when you can see that the market aint giving them what they need. But this doesnt happen over 1 distribution line - just look at any crash!!! Oh and yes who bl**dy causes them😱

Hope this helps anyone whom maybe interested in seeking this path for themselves. Each to their own. Many men (women), many methods - - - -
 
I dont have any material as such, as I think that it is far more beneficial to the individual if they work it through themselves, that way, it becomes their understanding and is not simply taken as gospel by some publicised expert.

No videos either - BUT as Howdens has been mentioned, we can use that as a REAL TIME example.

The problem with Wykoff etc is that it is based around the past and what's happened, but seldom explains what will be the likely outcome/development based on all the running commentary, in all fairness it points points out the obvious. This is not to have a go at Wykoff theory or anyone who uses it, each to their own, if they find value, but it only takes you so far. It doesn't take you into the future (or likely events in the future), which as traders we would like to strive for (well maybe not everyone), but it needs to be more than guessing! There needs to be REASON.

Anyway blabbering, back to the Howdens chart - have a peek o_O

First black circle, obvious ACCUMULATION, obtaining a good average price by medium term SWING TRADERS (typically build and distribute over roughly 6-8 month periods, give or take a few weeks, and depending on opportunities that may occur in this time period. 2nd black circle is opportunistic accumulation due to the apparent double top/resistance (orange line) set up causing retail traders to jump in short. Please note that if this didnt occur, then there would have been no extra accumulation at this point in time.

So shares have been herded up, now there needs to be a target to start off loading/distributing. Guaranteed business is always present at new highs!!!! But this time (red circle 1) there aint a massive amount of demand about, volumes are very low considering we are about to bust to ATHs. So only part distribution has been accomplished at this juncture. Big boys still hold massive longs here!

Brown circle 2 is NOT accumulation - it is PROTECTION (PPT if you like for the specialists in this stock). A MASSIVE influx of sellers have come into the market, as they now see a potential top in the market (black line). These guys have to interact in the brown circle as they cant afford the stock to drop too far, as they still need to get out of their remaining positions!

But now we know we must off load "into and at" the next high, as we have had the EVIDENCE that sellers want to short this stock.

Total distribution will be concluded into red circle 3, this will also be the area at which the traders whom have shorted the market in the brown circle will have their stops (hence guaranteed volume in this location). Whats worse for them, is that they will then switch long as we are now at new highs, but we wont go much further now that the major players are now flat at least.

Shorter term swing traders will accumulate short positions at these highs, knowing that they are not trading against the longer term swing traders. Once they have absorbed the last few buyers, View attachment 263293 the market should logically drift and drop hard. This should happen as we already have background information suggesting overall demand is weak anyway (due to what happened in circles 1 and 2).

And the gig goes on and on at each point in time.

So hopefully you can see why it is important to try to get a grasp on WHO is doing WHAT and WHY. Granted, as I said before, this level of analysis is not needed to be profitable, but if you can grasp it (y):unsure::coffee: the world is your oyster lol. Seriously, you can add into positions when others are sh**ting themselves, with the knowledge of what the market needs to give those whom have showed their intent, and also you can dump ASAP when you can see that the market aint giving them what they need. But this doesnt happen over 1 distribution line - just look at any crash!!! Oh and yes who bl**dy causes them😱

Hope this helps anyone whom maybe interested in seeking this path for themselves. Each to their own. Many men (women), many methods - - - -
All we can know is that someone is buying and someone is selling. The rest is pure supposition
You "rationalise" even generalise what is happening. That's a big difference to really knowing who I am and why I am doing something you will likely never find out in the timescale to do your analysis

I worked at howdens, therefore I knew what was taking place and why. I knew who the majority were. But let's not forget everything takes place through an intermediary who is not at liberty and also himself doesn't know the thought process going through the mind of the person on the other end of the phone when he places an order to buy x thousands of shares of howdens.
 
Hi Malaguti, just using Howdens as it was mentioned in this thread. Could have been about any stock really. Point being that accumulation is a form of motive and intent, and when this is in place, certain events tend to occur in the preceding price action more often than not. I don't know anything about Howdens, but will watch the next few months with interest, as I think the interaction of various parties is pretty clear, so the next clue will be the volume levels on the break into the 570/600 area. The situation being there are groups of traders who are still long and need to off load, but in the back of their mind they know they are potentially carrying a hot potato as we could barely kiss the ATH last time before a barrage of sellers jumped in.

Unless the stock allocation is totally owned by howdens staff and board members, we have to accept that sharks are also involved, and their motive is to speculate, they don't give a crap about the company, they only care if the situation can accommodate their motive. You surely must at least agree with this even if you don't buy into the other comments i made?

Anyway don't want to sidetrack Nowlers original question, I just wanted to propose the point that there is very little benefit in trying to spot accumulation if we dont understand how distribution works.I

Always good to have these discussions though!
 
Hi Wallstreet, I'd like to think we're not derailing the thread. we're just debating a point. and if anything hopefully giving back time to Nowler who could otherwise himself be derailed in to spending excessive time trying to understand the WHO, WHAT and WHY and rather just focus on the clues that price leaves behind for us.
I chose Howden, not because i worked there, or knew the major shareholders but because i know for certain that there was accumulation taking place. so as you say, it can (possibly) apply to any other.
again, I say possibly, because we just don't know. we can't possibly know. the broker fulfilling his duty of satisfying the order doesn't know why, he is simply doing what is asked. the only ones who can know, and if one of those is warren buffett, again, we'll likely never know, only he will know why.
so we probably wont be lucky enough to TRULY know that accumulation has been taking place, we can however generalise the pattern of arresting price reduction, subsequent consolidation over large periods of time, and then possibly a recovery in price as thats the supposed cycle. we generalise this, and call it accumulation, without ever having delved deeper. we haven't looked at who is doing the buying and why. we look at the chart, and generalise

i also think its ironic therefore that in order to know the who, what and why and as you say you dont know howdens, it didn't stop you analysing the chart. yet you know nothing about howdens. why?
because you dont need to know anything about howdens, you dont need to know who the shareholders are, their motives, their reasons why. its irrelevant. you just need a price chart. its okay to generalise, its ok to assume we know what is going on, even though we TRULY do not know. its ok, because we still have the footprint that price has left behind for us.
that should be our focus. how can we capitalise on the price action, rather than trying to understand why it happened

now in answer to your question, can i accept that their are sharks whose motive is to speculate, that they don't give a crap about the company? Of course wallstreet, thats precisely my point.
there are indeed sharks whose motive is to speculate. do we need to know who they are?? no
there are major shareholders who are increasing their shareholding. do we need to know who they are?? no
these major shareholders, they are possibly buying because from all time highs, to them thats cheap so they buy more. some are selling because who knows, they want a holiday. the 7000 employees of howden are thinking of their own retirement.
do we need to know why? no
would you be able to find out why? no

so do we really need to understand the who what and why?? its pretty obvious, NO!!

you have generalised, and talked about sharks, even though they are not the major players in this particular accumulation. the big boys in this example, are howdens themselves its fair to say. but you have ignored them and focused on the small players, the ones ultimately not really driving this particular stock. but it doesn't matter.
all you are doing (the same goes for myself, even though i obviously know more about the company, its history etc...dont worry, all that is irrelevant) is generalising. rationalising the ebb and flow of demand/supply..."its the retail players coming in here" "its the big boys still holding their positions here" WE JUST DON'T KNOW

now i'd expect you also to at least accept you dont know these things, as it certainly didn't stop you analysing this chart and it doesn't stop you applying wyckoff or any other technique to analyse the stock. be that howdens, be that any stock out there

fist pump to wyckhoff, its a method, if it works for you, if it helps you understand and rationalise what you are seeing, fair play to you. good luck to all who follow its methods.
just don't get sucked into having to understand the hearts and minds of the other side as it just isn't necessary.
focus on price, rationalise and generalise as much as you want, but focus on price. it will tell you what has happened. it will tell you it went up, it will tell you it went down...from that point on, and trying to look any further then you begin to leave reality behind

now if you want to know anything about Howden, and if i can maybe fill in the gaps as to what was actually going on in that company at the time, let me know. i can tell you all about the accumulation of its shares, all about the major shareholders and it would be lovely to help put context "reality" into your analysis
 
@malaguti, eloquently written.

The 'why's' are 110% categorically unimportant, the whole premise of Wyckoff and detecting accumulation/distribution is to understand price. The fundamental basis of technical analysis is understanding or a given that every piece of information/data is reflected on the chart, then it's down to the trader to detect the supply/demand imbalance. Wyckoff has kindly shared the pattern (in detail) of the accumulation and distribution process.

As one gains experience you can read the market and understand price, along with its symbiotic relationship between that of the simple bar and volume. As the bar/volume skill increases, once can indeed read the inner workings of accumulation and distribution and clearly identify retail and professional (the accumulators) movement eg. testing and shakeouts, but that's a whole different story..................................
 
thank you peaceful warrior, can i give back the sentiment of your thread which is by far the most entertaining of the plethora of Wyckoff/sla threads on here. indeed, more of it I say!
now back to Nowler, can you give him any pointers as to how to get started studying Wyckoff?
 
Not derailing the thread at all.
I read the post last night, but wanted to absorb and reread today before I responded.

Been with my niece and nephew today. Just walking home now. As soon as I make a cuppa, I'll sit down to read what's been said, properly.
 
It was nice to read the back and forth from both of you, thanks very much!
I was hoping someone would come in with a bit of critique actually. That's always beneficial when done in a respectful manner.

Without looking to a textbook definition of distribution, I would say that it could be defined generally as the opposite of accumulation. Where the accumulation is the stealthy buying up of shares, the distribution is the stealthy selling of shares. As with it's earlier counterpart, if distribution is done recklessly, then value is hampered due to price sharply falling during the selling process. So in the range/consolidation of distribution, the smart money is selling at the highs of the range, curbing the selling toward the bottom of that range. Perhaps they will even support price at the bottom of the range to give the impression of strength, to suck in buyers.

I am however now wondering if distribution ranges/consolidations are tighter than the accumulation range?
During accumulation, the buyer is buying with the intent of making money. Ideally they would like to get their full position on before price takes off, but if they dont and it takes off beforehand, then it's not as bad as not distributing your shares before the plunge. One just means you didn't maximize gain potential, where as the other one means you are taking a loss on your unrealized profits. I assume most people would rather price take off to the sky with only half their position accumulated, than for price to plunge toward the ground whilst only having distributed half the position...?

The reason I wonder if distribution typically is done in a tighter range is due to the increased urgency in loading off than what I assume would be the less urgent loading up.


Going back to post #21 (the chart analysis).
Blocking out the right side of the page... at what point would someone well versed in this strategy begin accumulation?
And what technical's prior inform them that this is a good idea?

In my limited understanding of trading/investing, I have little to draw from, so if I was to try answer this question then I'd revert back to what i've learned from Warren Buffet. If 1) I really understand the business, and 2) I know it has an enduring competitive edge, and 3) management is of high integrity and is transparent, then number 4 would be highlighted by the falling price. That is, is it at an attractive price. So as the price of that stock falls, I am getting a better and better price.

This Buffet style understanding I have is fundamentally based, as opposed to the Wyckoff method which is mostly technically based (price action). So surely those main players who are doing the accumulation are doing so because they believe the company is worth more? Or am I missing something here?

On saying that... I have just now realized that it's one thing to try understand why the big boys are accumulating, but it's another to understand where I, the retail trader jump in... capitalizing on this accumulation/distribution style investing of the big players. After all, I am not the one accumulating. I am not trading enough for it to matter. I can just enter into my full position at once if I wished to. Price will not react to my buying (though I do still scale into trades due to my own risk management).
 
Hi Wallstreet, I'd like to think we're not derailing the thread. we're just debating a point. and if anything hopefully giving back time to Nowler who could otherwise himself be derailed in to spending excessive time trying to understand the WHO, WHAT and WHY and rather just focus on the clues that price leaves behind for us.
I chose Howden, not because i worked there, or knew the major shareholders but because i know for certain that there was accumulation taking place. so as you say, it can (possibly) apply to any other.
again, I say possibly, because we just don't know. we can't possibly know. the broker fulfilling his duty of satisfying the order doesn't know why, he is simply doing what is asked. the only ones who can know, and if one of those is warren buffett, again, we'll likely never know, only he will know why.
so we probably wont be lucky enough to TRULY know that accumulation has been taking place, we can however generalise the pattern of arresting price reduction, subsequent consolidation over large periods of time, and then possibly a recovery in price as thats the supposed cycle. we generalise this, and call it accumulation, without ever having delved deeper. we haven't looked at who is doing the buying and why. we look at the chart, and generalise

i also think its ironic therefore that in order to know the who, what and why and as you say you dont know howdens, it didn't stop you analysing the chart. yet you know nothing about howdens. why?
because you dont need to know anything about howdens, you dont need to know who the shareholders are, their motives, their reasons why. its irrelevant. you just need a price chart. its okay to generalise, its ok to assume we know what is going on, even though we TRULY do not know. its ok, because we still have the footprint that price has left behind for us.
that should be our focus. how can we capitalise on the price action, rather than trying to understand why it happened

now in answer to your question, can i accept that their are sharks whose motive is to speculate, that they don't give a crap about the company? Of course wallstreet, thats precisely my point.
there are indeed sharks whose motive is to speculate. do we need to know who they are?? no
there are major shareholders who are increasing their shareholding. do we need to know who they are?? no
these major shareholders, they are possibly buying because from all time highs, to them thats cheap so they buy more. some are selling because who knows, they want a holiday. the 7000 employees of howden are thinking of their own retirement.
do we need to know why? no
would you be able to find out why? no

so do we really need to understand the who what and why?? its pretty obvious, NO!!

you have generalised, and talked about sharks, even though they are not the major players in this particular accumulation. the big boys in this example, are howdens themselves its fair to say. but you have ignored them and focused on the small players, the ones ultimately not really driving this particular stock. but it doesn't matter.
all you are doing (the same goes for myself, even though i obviously know more about the company, its history etc...dont worry, all that is irrelevant) is generalising. rationalising the ebb and flow of demand/supply..."its the retail players coming in here" "its the big boys still holding their positions here" WE JUST DON'T KNOW

now i'd expect you also to at least accept you dont know these things, as it certainly didn't stop you analysing this chart and it doesn't stop you applying wyckoff or any other technique to analyse the stock. be that howdens, be that any stock out there

fist pump to wyckhoff, its a method, if it works for you, if it helps you understand and rationalise what you are seeing, fair play to you. good luck to all who follow its methods.
just don't get sucked into having to understand the hearts and minds of the other side as it just isn't necessary.
focus on price, rationalise and generalise as much as you want, but focus on price. it will tell you what has happened. it will tell you it went up, it will tell you it went down...from that point on, and trying to look any further then you begin to leave reality behind

now if you want to know anything about Howden, and if i can maybe fill in the gaps as to what was actually going on in that company at the time, let me know. i can tell you all about the accumulation of its shares, all about the major shareholders and it would be lovely to help put context "reality" into your analysis
Hi Malaguti, thanks for the reply, I absolutely agree i have no idea who each individual is, but it's the collective i am trying to spot and get a grasp on their motive, which unless they are a masochist is to profit from a price rise of an investment.

I always like the chance to learn, so would love to take you up on the offer of the inside track.

i think I may have not made myself clear when talking about who and why, I am classifying traders into time groups. This helps with forward projection.

I am not analysing the chart from a Wykoff POV. Wykoff simply points out what's happened (I know this may offend advocates) but he has never projected the future distribution in any work i have seen (I admit i may have missed this work). Traders are duped into believing based on complex sounding observations. But I ask any advocate of the likes of Wykoff etc to simply "follow it through". Ie what is most likely to happen based on your observations.???? Make a call, what is there to lose? Standard reply being " you don't need to blah blah"

You have my call on Howdens, I'll pop back in 3 months to see how it panned out and to see if there was anything I missed and can learn from.

and I do respect your feedback and your insight, as you have an involvement in this instance. Maybe I am not being as clear as I could be. I can work on that lol.
 
@malaguti, eloquently written.

The 'why's' are 110% categorically unimportant, the whole premise of Wyckoff and detecting accumulation/distribution is to understand price. The fundamental basis of technical analysis is understanding or a given that every piece of information/data is reflected on the chart, then it's down to the trader to detect the supply/demand imbalance. Wyckoff has kindly shared the pattern (in detail) of the accumulation and distribution process.

As one gains experience you can read the market and understand price, along with its symbiotic relationship between that of the simple bar and volume. As the bar/volume skill increases, once can indeed read the inner workings of accumulation and distribution and clearly identify retail and professional (the accumulators) movement eg. testing and shakeouts, but that's a whole different story..................................
Hi Peacefull Warrior, may i also add i have read your thread with interset! Lots of detail and analysis.

But maybe i could ask if you would consider reviewing the Howdens chart and give us the lowdown based on your understanding of Wykoff? And what the information ultimately leads you to believe will happen next????I

If anything it will give Nowler a good grounding, and help him??? decide the direction he wants to take and focus on .


All the best
 
Going back to post #21 (the chart analysis).
Blocking out the right side of the page... at what point would someone well versed in this strategy begin accumulation?
And what technical's prior inform them that this is a good idea?


After thinking about this a little more, I've realized that i'm blurring the lines between accumulation and my, as the retail trader, buying of the stock. Again, I wouldn't be the one accumulating...

So to attempt to answer my own question, as a retail trader, where I am looking to buy is at the lower ends of the accumulation range?

So I guess the question I really have is, what is the exact point that accumulation is confirmed?

If someone could give me the step by step breakdown of how they would trade it, that would be very useful
 
thank you peaceful warrior, can i give back the sentiment of your thread which is by far the most entertaining of the plethora of Wyckoff/sla threads on here. indeed, more of it I say!
now back to Nowler, can you give him any pointers as to how to get started studying Wyckoff?

Thank you.

Always been an advocate of pointing people direct to the original source. The trading via SLA is an interpretation of Wyckoff (valid I might add) the way I trade is an interpretation of Wyckoff, VSA is a branch, there are countless variations I have seen over the years and tbh I see merit in all branches. It all boils down to the psychology of the individual and how they want to interpret the markets actions. These days I am far from a pure Wyckoffian trader, I have tweaked and amalgamated core principles and concepts to suit my own psychology, consequently my view of the market has shifted significantly, I no longer care why, when who or whatever, makes no odds, simply look for the supply/demand imbalance by using the governing 3 laws of Wyckoff:

1 - Supply and Demand
2 - Cause and Effect
3- Effort vs Result

HIGHLY suggest the Wyckoff SMI course for accumulation and distribution, no better source of info on the subject. Would like to share my insights, on the subject, however I have discounted over 50% of the works, think this would be unadvisable/inappropriate that's for you to discover and tweak for yourself (if at all).

There is a book written by Wyckoff under the pseudo name Rollo Tape 'Studies in Tape Reading' full of golden nuggets and philosophies, that being said, its not's formulaic or laid out in simple terms, I have read the book and certain passages countless times, as your skill or level of understanding increases the more value you will extract from this book, a true masterpiece.
 
Thank you.

Always been an advocate of pointing people direct to the original source. The trading via SLA is an interpretation of Wyckoff (valid I might add) the way I trade is an interpretation of Wyckoff, VSA is a branch, there are countless variations I have seen over the years and tbh I see merit in all branches. It all boils down to the psychology of the individual and how they want to interpret the markets actions. These days I am far from a pure Wyckoffian trader, I have tweaked and amalgamated core principles and concepts to suit my own psychology, consequently my view of the market has shifted significantly, I no longer care why, when who or whatever, makes no odds, simply look for the supply/demand imbalance by using the governing 3 laws of Wyckoff:

1 - Supply and Demand
2 - Cause and Effect
3- Effort vs Result

HIGHLY suggest the Wyckoff SMI course for accumulation and distribution, no better source of info on the subject. Would like to share my insights, on the subject, however I have discounted over 50% of the works, think this would be unadvisable/inappropriate that's for you to discover and tweak for yourself (if at all).

There is a book written by Wyckoff under the pseudo name Rollo Tape 'Studies in Tape Reading' full of golden nuggets and philosophies, that being said, its not's formulaic or laid out in simple terms, I have read the book and certain passages countless times, as your skill or level of understanding increases the more value you will extract from this book, a true masterpiece.

Thanks for that.

In regards to the course,
Is that the Introduction course, or the more expensive "Wyckoff Unleashed" ( that name :) ) ?
 
The best place to enter a trade is where you are most likely to be able to get out of it at B/E should it go against you . IMHO
Yes, my thoughts also. I like to think of it as a hot potato, we dont just drop it on the floor, it gets thrown up first (reaction), then the 2nd offering (opportunity to do business) results in no takers (2nd line of distribution). Then the bad boy drops!

Of course we always need to remember that the accumulation has to have happened, if not then the market/stock can V right back on you, as there will be no underlying reason to keep the market on a leash (even for a short period of time).
 
In regards to the course,
Is that the Introduction course, or the more expensive "Wyckoff Unleashed" ( that name :) ) ?

What they call "Wyckoff Unleashed" is not the original course. The original course is free and may be found in this link. It takes time and considerable effort to fully understand it, but Wyckoff's principles still apply a hundred years later, so whether or not one is able to make use of them, he should nonetheless at least be aware of them.

As for "accumulation", you may reach an understanding of it more easily if you understand that accumulation is a process, not an event. Therefore it takes place in a range, not in a climactic move. I suggest you use "Ctrl+F" and "accumulation" with Wyckoff's course to read what he has to say about it.

If you are interested chiefly in an introduction to Wyckoff rather than a 400-page course, see the link in my signature.

Db
 
To make it pretty much like for like - would need this, get the controlling players to show their hand.
 

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