LRA - the New and Final Analysis of the Futures Markets?

t8936

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Locked-in Range Analysis (abbr. LRA) is the futures market analysis method, described in the ebook "Locked-in Range Analysis: Why most traders must lose money in the futures market (Forex)" by Tom Leksey, which minimizes an uncertainty in the futures market.

LRA is the method of interpreting the price and volume chart to determine the direction of the prevailing volume of open positions, the imbalance of which will enlighten you to future market behavior.

LRA is a cause-and-effect analysis method arising from the basis of the market, therefore, by applying LRA, you will either become one of the professional market participants getting a non-random and repeatable result or you will consciously leave trading for good.

This ebook may be published, reproduced or distributed for Free - Download PDF (0.7 MB)
 
How LRA works?

E-mini S&P 500 Futures
December 2017, 1 Hour
Period: 15 October – 27 October

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Locked-in Range: 2562.75-2556.75; Sentiment (Doi): Sell (1/3)
Preference: Long positions above support LR 2562.75-2556.75
Comment: The breakout of High extremum of LR (TPSL 1 High) and previous swing High (TPSL 2 High), the end of next trading day without price return to LR are indicators pointing to the volume imbalance of prevailing “Sell” open positions until the price goes out of LR. There is a probability of having the remaining “Sell” open positions in the range.

E-mini S&P 500 Futures
December 2017, 1 Hour
Period: 24 October – 5 November

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Comment: In the moment of price approximation to LR, the volume of the remaining “Sell” open positions had a sufficient influence on the price formation when it is profitable for the market-making system to quote prices below the range.
 
Euro FX (EUR/USD) Futures
December 2017, 1 Hour
Period: 21 November – 5 December

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Locked-in Range: 1.18850-1.18500; Sentiment (Doi): Buy (1/3)
Preference: Short positions below resistance LR 1.18850-1.18500
Comment: The breakout of Low extremum of LR (TPSL 1 Low) and previous swing Low (TPSL 2 Low) with a “Medium” degree of volume’s appearance is an indicator pointing to the volume imbalance of prevailing “Buy” open positions until the price goes out of LR. There is a probability of having the remaining “Buy” open positions in the range.

Euro FX (EUR/USD) Futures
December 2017, 1 Hour
Period: 24 November – 8 December

6E_2.png


Comment: In the moment of price approximation to LR, the volume of the remaining “Buy” open positions had a sufficient influence on the price formation when it is profitable for the market-making system to quote prices below the range.
 
What is Locked-in Range?

Locked-in Range (abbr. LR) is the trading range in which the volume of open positions accumulates, making the price change to the side where the prevailing volume of open positions will be locked at a loss, because the price will no longer allow to close in profits or break-even.

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Resistance LR is the locked-in range in which the volume of open buy positions prevails, and it is profitable for the market maker to quote prices below the range.

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Support LR is the locked-in range in which the volume of open sell positions prevails, and it is profitable for the market maker to quote prices above the range.

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What is TPSL Levels?

Take Profit Stop Loss level (abbr. TPSL level) is the price level at which sellers and buyers will exit the market, closing their open positions by take-profits and stop-losses.

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The logic of price changes in the futures markets, where liquidity is provided by market makers

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There is no sense in trying to forecast the prevailing open positions in the locked-in range; it is necessary to analyze the price and volume changes after the range breakout and in proximity to the TPSL levels, which will allow to join the further profitable price changes for the market maker.
 
Example:
today's LRA Report and how it helps us to make money

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Why Does Price Change Occur?

Instead of creating liquidity, by definition of CME Group, a market maker earns the spread, but earning the bid-ask spread is only possible with the same volume of ask and bid transactions at a constant price; the limitation of the specified length of futures trading time adds the condition that half of the transactions at ask/bid price should be the opening of new positions and the other half should be the closing of the previously opened positions. Continuously providing liquidity, the market maker cannot achieve such a ratio. Therefore, market maker scales the principle of earning the spread from a constant price to a trading range, and guided by open positions, their potential take-profits and stop-losses, the market maker accumulates open positions at the same price range, and locks the prevailing open positions (by shifting the price in the direction opposite to the range and quoting the price within market maker’ break-even zone) when there is an imbalance or loss of interest of market participants in current prices, thus insuring against losses in the event of simultaneous closing of open positions.

This principle of price change is the basis for futures with a market maker. LRA allows to determine the locked-in ranges and the future price changes that are profitable and permissible for the market maker.
 
Who Are Market Makers? (Definition by CME Group)

A market maker (one type of speculator) is an authorized customer permissioned to quote both the buy and sell side in a given market (while all other market participants may open positions only in one direction – unidirectional). The main function of the market maker is to provide liquidity to the marketplace (сontractual agreement with CME), usually in exchange for a reduction in trading fees. Market makers often profit from capturing the spread, the small difference between the bid and offer prices over a large number of transactions.

Modern futures market cannot function without such a professional participant as a market maker, since 24-hour trades include illiquid periods when there are sharp imbalances in supply and demand, and if the market is allowed to determine prices independently in such periods, then we can observe increased volatility and price manipulation, which can be very significant and would be regarded by market participants as an increased trade risk, equivalent to an illiquid instrument; therefore, the stock exchange, in our case its CME Group, is interested in the presence of market makers, providing them with privileges in exchange for compliance with the established obligations to provide and maintain liquidity.

Responsibilities of Market Makers

During the specified period of the trading session (American, Asian-Pacific, European), the market makers must continuously maintain two-way futures quotes, observing the minimum volume of own orders agreed with the exchange and the spread between bid-ask quotes (widening of spread for periods of increased volatility is possible).

As counterparties to each transaction in terms of pricing, market makers must take the opposite side of your trade. In other words, whenever you sell, they must buy from you, and vice versa.

IMPORTANT. Why do market makers act as counterparties for most orders, but not for all? The rest of the transactions may temporarily be accumulated by other market participants, both with speculators and hedgers; however, over time, all open positions will pass on to market makers, when one of the parties of a transaction, in which the market maker does not participate, decides to close the position.

Capabilities of Market Makers

To understand the capabilities of market makers, one should know the limited market depth available to any participant: 1) Data featuring the nearest (best) placed 10 bid and 10 ask limit orders shows the price and number of contracts (Level 2). 2) Data featuring each transaction made shows the price, time, and number of contracts (Time & Sales).

CME Group market makers use the full market depth available to the exchange, namely:

  1. Data featuring all existing placed limited orders.
  2. Data featuring all existing placed stop orders.
  3. Data featuring all open positions: price, volume, and side of order (buy/sell).

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Figure 1. Net Positions (buy+sell) Marketmaker Order Book (Open orders, Open positions)

Market makers collectively create a market for each futures, centrally managing its common pool of positions to prevent conflicts of interest that would arise when working separately, when instead of earning the spread and self-quoting, market makers would get a large volume of positions that would not have a counterparty to close before the expiration of the futures.

What is Market-Making? (Definition by Tom Leksey)

Market-making (CME Group) is a centralized automated trading system of placing orders from market participants, which has a common pool of Commercial and Non-commercial accounts, which provides liquidity in the futures market, simultaneously opening new positions (buy/sell) and closing already accumulated positions, so that the shares of profit are distributed between each participant in accordance with the established proportions.

Only market makers know the current open positions (volume, side of order) and we can only forecast but this is enough to make money in the market using Locked-in Ranges, Degree of imbalance, TPSL Levels.
 
Best Locked-in Ranges of the Month (December 2017)

Euro FX (EUR/USD) Futures
Reason for opening Buy position:
An approximation of price to the support Locked-in Range


6E.png


Japanese Yen (JPY/USD) Futures
Reason for opening Sell position:
An approximation of price to the resistance Locked-in Range


6J.png


E-mini NASDAQ 100 Futures
Reason for opening Sell positions:
An approximation of price to the resistance Locked-in Range

Reason for opening Buy position:
An approximation of price to the support Locked-in Range


NQ.png


E-mini Dow ($5) Futures
Reason for opening Buy position:
An approximation of price to the support Locked-in Range


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Crude Oil Futures
Reason for opening Buy position:
An approximation of price to the support Locked-in Range


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How to Determine and Use Locked-in Ranges

Locked-in Range (abbr. LR) is the trading range in which the volume of open positions accumulates, making the price change to the side where the prevailing volume of open positions will be locked at a loss, because the price will no longer allow to close in profits or break-even.

STEP 1. Determining the prices and time of a LR
Finding the high traded volume range within TPSL 1 Levels which means a high possibility of accumulated open positions with not intraday interest.

STEP 2. Waiting for a TPSL 1 Level Breakout
Take Profit Stop Loss level (abbr. TPSL level) is the price level at which sellers and buyers will exit the market, closing their open positions by take-profits and stop-losses.

STEP 3. Determining the direction and degree of open positions’ imbalance of a LR
LRA Basis: It is not profitable for a market maker to return the price into the LR with high volume of unidirectional open positions, so that loss-making positions cannot close at break-even levels.

Without knowing the direction and volume of open positions within a LR and the direction and volume of closed positions after the breakout of TPSL level, it is only possible to focus on the average scenario of volume’s appearance and the time spent out of the LR.

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Figure. Average scenario for determining the volume’s appearance

STEP 4. Confirming or Changing the direction and degree of open positions’ imbalance
Confirming of LR is a price out-range quotation for the next trading day (after TPSL 1 Level Breakout) without the price's return to the LR.

We can assume a False Breakout only with Low Degree of Volume's Appearance and price out-range quotation must be shorter in time than in the considered range. In cases of Medium and High Volume Appearance, a price return means an insufficient imbalance of open positions of the range and that is LR cancellation.



Example 1. LR Determination

If the price is above support LR we are looking for opportunities to open Long positions.

If the price is below resistance LR we are looking for opportunities to open Short positions.


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Example 2. False Breakout

If the price is above support LR we are looking for opportunities to open Long positions.

If the price is below resistance LR we are looking for opportunities to open Short positions.


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Example 3. LR Cancellation

When support LR is cancelled we are looking for opportunities to open Short positions.

When resistance LR is cancelled we are looking for opportunities to open Long positions.

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Hey mate,

why are all the trade examples you share of trades that have already played out? It would be good to see some "before" and then "after" if that makes sense?
 
Hey mate,

why are all the trade examples you share of trades that have already played out? It would be good to see some "before" and then "after" if that makes sense?

Because that is not the trading signals, the attached examples just shows how Locked-in Range Analysis works. :clap:
 
Because that is not the trading signals, the attached examples just shows how Locked-in Range Analysis works. :clap:

Lets talk about trading strategies by LRA;)

Trading Strategy #1

By determining the last LR's sentiment, we guess that such a sentiment will be preserved and always search an opportunity to enter the market by the direction against the sentiment of the LR's.
 
Forex 7 Major Pairs Daily Analysis by Cause-Effect LRA (Imbalance of Open Positions)

Cause-and-effect method of analysis should be the basis for weighted speculative decision-making that allow to multiply the available funds, because trades that are not based on any cause-effect relationships are intuition-based and making such trades it is impossible to achieve stable profitable results in the long term.:smart:

Everyone can analyze the market using cause-effect LRA method, these rules are the same for all. Daily Locked-in Range Analysis is a convenient tool for understanding the current market sentiment and working independently with own investments.(y)

This thread "Forex 7 Major Pairs Daily Analysis" shows you how must the cause-effect daily analysis looks like :arrowd:
 
Locked-in Range Analysis Trading System: Last LR's Sentiment Strategy

Locked-in Range Analysis Trading System:
By determining the last LR's sentiment, we guess that such a sentiment will be preserved and always search an opportunity to enter the market by the direction against the sentiment of the LR's.

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Again, what's new? Range from the 13th to the 19th, breakout, retracement on the 20th to the upper limit of the previous range, buy. Then another breakout from the 19th to 21st range, another retracement to the same level of the preceding range, buy. Trading this profitably has less to do the understanding market-making and open interest and so on and so forth and more to do with being able to draw a box and a straight line.

Keep it simple.
 
What about GLR?

Gravitation LR (abbr. GLR) is the trading range in which the volume of open “buy & sell” positions accumulates with no significant imbalance, and it is profitable for the market maker to return the price back to the range after the range breakout if there are not enough prevailing loss-making positions to continue price movement in the same direction.

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Figure. Averaged graphical representation of the gravitation range

With an increase of a futures liquidity, a probability of strong imbalances in the locked-in ranges decreases, while a probability of an appearance of the gravitation ranges increases. In the future, the gravitation ranges either “lose” open positions and “are canceled”, or turn into the locked-in ranges.

The market has a trend structure when the unidirectional locked-in ranges prevail, and vice versa, the market has a flat structure when the gravitation ranges prevail.
 
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